The Futurians and the 1939 World Science Fiction Convention

Cyril Kornbluth, Chester Cohen, John B. Michel, Robert A.W. Lowndes and Donald A. Wollheim, from left. (Photo by Jack Robins, Tarrytown, N.Y., July 1939.) One of the interesting things that I came across recently was the story of the Futurians at the 1st WorldCon in 1939. The Futurians were a legendary group of fans - quite a few notable authors came out of their ranks over the years, and it looked like an interesting story, one that was far more complicated than I thought.

Fandom is really an artificially constructed thing - Gernsback helped jumpstart it alongside his magazines with his Science Fiction League clubs around the US, probably recognizing that if you keep your readers engaged, you'll have a more reliable cash flow. Would fandom have emerged on its own, without those clubs? Maybe, but I'd bet that it helped define the identify of a science fiction fan far earlier, and from what I've seen, you really don't have the same communities in other genres (although that's just from my own observation, rather than any actual research.

I'll admit, I have a bit of an ax to grind with this piece: the fan community can be infuriatingly annoying at times. It doesn't matter if it's amongst book reviewers, 501st members, authors, literature fans, movie fans, or any other community, there's always drama. And, it looks like there's always been drama. It's something that I'm a bit tired of, and I'm beginning to just ignore people who are drama-prone in my own life. It's a bit liberating, but isolating, at times.

Go read The Futurians and the 1939 World Science Fiction Convention here.

The Futurians, Damon Knight. This is probably the best place to go to read about the Futurians, written by one of their members. It's certainly one-sided, but it's an interesting read. The Immortal Storm, Sam Moskowitz. This is an exhaustive, egotistical and defensive book, and I wonder if Moskowitz had some lingering resentment about the event. This book is a fairly exhaustive (and it's utterly exhausting to read) look at fandom. I found myself very disheartened by what I read here: it's a petty survey, but it does contain quite a bit of information about the early days. Basement and Empire series, Frederik Pohl. Pohl talks a bit about early fandom in this series of blog posts for his website, The Way the Future Blogs. These, and the rest of his website, are a very, very interesting read. The Way the Future Was: A Memoir, Frederik Pohl. Polh's biography is a neat who's who of the early science fiction days, but he doesn't go into much detail about the events of the 1939 convention, simply noting that it happened, and who was involved.

The Connections of Judith Merril

One of the things that I've found distinctly interesting about the Golden Age of SF is how the authors shape the field that they're in, but also how much one can extrapolate a larger picture out of an author's life. An excellent example of this is Judith Merril, through whom one can find an excellent viewpoint of the shifts in publishing, as well as a number of similarly-high-profiled authors writing at the same time. This is the first of probably a couple of posts about Merril - her career as a whole will likely require more space. Indeed, the Futurians themselves warrant a couple of posts of their own.

Merril was an interesting author to research. I remember reading some of her short fiction when I was in high school (Including, I *think* 'Only A Mother'), and rediscovering her was a rewarding process. Frustratingly, most of my usual sourses really didn't examine Merril's contributions to the field, or did so in passing. However, there are some very good sources on her that I was able to draw upon.

Go Read The Connections of Judith Merril over on Kirkus Reviews.

Sources: Judith Merril, 74, Science Fiction Editor and Writer, Gerald Jonas. This is Merril's obituary, and provided a good snapshot of her life.

Better to Have Loved: the Life of Judith Merril, Judith Merril & Emily Pohl-Weary. This autobiography is a fantastic look at the life of Merril, as well as an excellent source for reading up on the Furturians, the Golden Age and a wide smattering of authors. It's a little scattered at points, but there's a great number of letters, recollections and sections about her early life.

The Way the Future Was, Frederik Pohl. Pohl's autobiography doesn't discuss Merril in great depth, but it does mention her frequently and provide some good context for her work in the early 1950s.

The Futurians: The Story of the Great Science Fiction 'Family' of the 30's that Produced Today's Top SF Writers and Editors, Damon Knight. Knight was one of the Futurians, and the book is a good, personal look at the rise and fall of the group, and Merril shows up quite a bit.

Asimov, de Camp and Heinlein at the Naval Air Experimental Station

File:Heinlein-decamp-and-asimov.jpg

I came across an interesting tidbit a while ago, while reading something about Robert Heinlein: he served as a researcher during World War II, alongside fellow SF authors Isaac Asimov and L Sprague de Camp. It's a neat intersection, and while their experiences don't yield any major works or revelations to the science fiction field, it does demonstrate the real inter-connectivity between authors working in the field.

At the NAES, Asimov, Heinlein and de Camp all worked on various experimental projects, working in the high-tech, cutting edge of R&D that's so often portrayed in the genre at the time. It's a neat story, one that tells quite a bit about each of the authors.

Read Asimov, de Camp and Heinlein at the Naval Air Experimental Station over on Kirkus Reviews.

Sources used:

I, Asimov, Isaac Asimov: this autobiography is an interesting one, and it's still just as smug and self-deprecating as his other one that I've read, It's Been A Good Life, but this one has quite a bit more when it comes to information.

It's Been A Good Life, Isaac Asimov: this is a bit redundant, but it's a decent, if annoying read on Asimov's life. The man really was a bit of a twit.

Robert A. Heinlein: In Dialogue With His Century, Volume 1 (1907-1948), William Patterson: This biography is astonishingly good, and incredibly detailed and dense with information. Patterson does an excellent job getting Heinlein's life (the first part!), in day by day detail.

Time and Change: An Autobiography: L Sprague de Camp: This autobiography from de Camp is an excellent one. Rich in detail, lacking the ego, and generally provides an excellent look at who de Camp was.

Leigh Brackett's Planetary Romances

I came across something interesting in the last couple of years: The best of the Star Wars films, The Empire Strikes Back, was written by a longtime SF author, Leigh Brackett, who had written the film's first draft before passing away. When I had been writing about C.L. Moore, I came across her name again, and because I've been wanting to look more closely at the women in the Golden Age of SF, there was no brainer: I had to look her up. Beyond Star Wars, she had a wealth of SF and Mystery novels and short stories on her resume, and was someone who really continued the planetary romance genre forward.

Go Read Leigh Brackett's Planetary Romances over on Kirkus Reviews.

Here's the sources that I used:

American Science Fiction: Four Classic Novels, 1953-1956, edited by Gary K. Wolfe: This is part of an impressive collection of stories put together by the Library of America series. Brackett's story, The Long Tomorrow is included, along with several other really awesome stories from the 1950s. At the back of the book, and linked here, is a short, biographical sketch. Leigh Brackett: American Writer, by John L. Carr: This short booklet was a fantastic source of knowledge on Brackett and her life. It's a bit disorganized at points, but it has a lot of information on her career and some analysis on her works. Interview with Leigh Brackett, Experiences as a Writer, Youngtown State University Oral History Program by Juanita Rocerick and Hugh G. Ernhart: This was a cool thing to come across: an interview with Brackett, one that covers much of her life and her works. I have a feeling that a lot of the information that we know about her comes from this interview. Leigh Brackett — An Audio Interview, by Tony Macklin: Reading an interview is cool, but listening to one is just as interesting. Brackett talks at length here about her works and life.

April = Busy

Blogging here has dropped here since a couple of years ago. A predominant reason is that most of the reviews that I'd have otherwise written here are going elsewhere, which is nice. On top of that, as seen by my bi-weekly liner note posts, a lot of my critical thinking and research has been going to the SF History column on Kirkus, which is a joy to write. So, despite the relative calm here, things have been busy. April in particular seems to have become an incredibly busy month. I've had three separate papers accepted to conferences, and it's going to keep me on my toes.

April 5th: New Genre Army. This is a one day conference at the University of Lincoln, and my paper proposal, Generations of Military Speculative Fiction, was accepted. I'm not actually going to be there: the travel logistics simply aren't in my favor, due to a wedding that I'm attending the same weekend. Hopefully, I'll make a remote appearance: to be determined.

April 10th/11th: William E. Colby Military Writer's Symposium. This is a long-standing conference at Norwich University, and I'll be talking about Norwich University and the 2nd World War, which I've written about for Armchair General and for the school's Staff Ride programs to Normandy and Belgium. I've been a participant for ten years as a student and generally interested party, and it'll be fun to speak to students about their school's history. Author Myke Cole will also be there, talking about his works, which will be pretty cool.

April 27th: 75 Years of Science Fiction. This conference will be held at UVM. My proposal, based on my work with the Kirkus column, looks at the evolutionary roots of the genre prior to John W. Campbell Jr.'s reigns at Astounding Magazine. It should be an interesting time!

I didn't get in to the North Eastern Historical Association's Spring Conference in MA (my proposal was on the history of SF), but that's okay: I'll be headed to Boston Comic Con instead with the 501st New England Garrison and Rebel Legion's Alderaan Base. Should be a bit more entertaining, I think. At some point in between here and there, I have a costume to finish, which I'd like to debut at the convention.

So, busy, but it's a good sort of busy.

Isaac Asimov and the 3 Laws of Robotics

If I had to point to any one author that influenced my early years of science fiction, there's no contest: Isaac Asimov is it. I practically lived in my high school library, which was well stocked with a wide range of Asimov stories. I distinctly remember borrowing, reading and re-reading I, Robot, and scouring anthologies for other stories of his. As a result, I've always had a fascination and appreciation for Asimov's works. He's certainly not without his flaws: reading Caves of Steel for the first time now reveals much about his writing style. But, it lends itself to a certain charm. When I covered John W. Campbell, I knew it would be a matter of time before I reached Asimov, and looking at his career through his Three Laws of Robotics proved to be an excellent trip down memory lane.

Go read Isaac Asimov and the 3 Laws of Robotics over on Kirkus Reviews

Sources used:

Caves of Steel, Isaac Asimov: I purchased an omnibus copy of Caves of Steel and The Naked Sun at Boskone recently, and I've been reading through it, enjoying it. I wish that I'd picked it up as a teenager: I think I would have enjoyed it then, but I'm certainly enjoying it now.

I, Robot, Isaac Asimov: One thing that I hadn't realized when I first read the book was that the stories had been edited and fixed up a bit to fit into a single story, composed of a bunch of short stories. This was helpful while I worked on piecing together the timeline of Asimov's Robot stories.

It's Been A Good Life, Isaac Asimov: A condensed version of Isaac Asimov's 3 volume autobiography. I read this years ago, and re-reading it now, all that I can say is: holy hell, that man has an ego. This particular book isn't all that useful: it's edited down and very brief. I'll need to look up his longer work before I do more with him.

Robot Visions, Isaac Asimov: This collection of Robot stories contains a favored story: The Bicentennial Man. I might be one of the only people to enjoy the film, and the story is fantastic. This particular volume is helpful for its introduction.

Survey of Science Fiction Literature, vol 1 & 2, Frank Magill: Magill has come through time and time again, this time, for the entries on I, Robot and Caves of Steel. The entries aren't as helpful as some of the others, but they do shed some good light on the subject.

The Way the Future Was, Frederik Pohl: Frederik Pohl's autobiography sees Asimov appear several times, which makes sense, given that Asimov published several stories with Pohl's publications (although he was published with Campbell's publications more often.)

Brave New Worlds, Jeff Prucher: This wonderful book is a dictionary of science fiction words, and was helpful when it came to looking up the roots of the words for Robot and Robotics.

The History of Science Fiction, Adam Roberts: Roberts has a fantastic section on Asimov, split between his Foundation and Robot series, with a good look at the philosophy behind the stories.

John Campbell Jr. and Astounding Magazine

Astounding July 1939.jpg Last year, I largely covered the formation of the Science Fiction genre, going from some of the notable early authors, and running up to the pulp era. There's a lot that I haven't covered, and at some point, I'm going to be going back and filling in some of the holes behind me. There's an enormous number of authors and editors out there, and there's always going to be new things to add and explore.

I'd intended to go right from Gernsback to John W. Campbell Jr., but took a detour through some of the pulp authors, such as Edgar Rice Burroughs, E.E. 'Doc' Smith and C.L. Moore. Now, we're set up the Golden Age of SF, which a lot of people feel begin with John Campbell Jr.'s work at Astounding Magazine, which is this week's topic over at Kirkus Reviews. He was a pretty fascinating character, and one who wielded enormous influence on the genre.

Go read John Campbell Jr., Astounding Magazine and the Golden Age over on Kirkus Reviews.

Here's the sources that I referenced for this post:

A Requiem for Astounding, Alva Rogers: This book is an excellent resource on the history of Astounding Magazine, and was invaluable for helping me set up and figure out what happened at Astounding prior to Campbell's hiring, as well as what he did right after he began.

The Way the Future Was: A Memoir, Frederik Pohl: I love how I got this book. I went to Barnes and Noble to buy a gift card from someone, and this book was sitting on top of the used book table at the front door. Pohl is an excellent author, and it's worth checking out his blog as well. He recounts several meetings with Campbell here, which was very useful in understanding how the man worked.

Billion Year Spree: The True History of Science Fiction, Brian Aldiss: One of my usual sources, Aldiss has an excellent section on Campbell's influence and time at Astounding Magazine.

The History of Science Fiction, Adam Roberts: Another usual source, Roberts doesn't really devote as much time to Campbell, but he does highlight the man's legacy and the authors that he worked with at the magazine.

Ages of Wonders: Exploring the World of Science Fiction, David G. Hartwell: I came across this book at ReaderCon: Hartwell signed the copy for me after I bought it. This looks to be a really interesting book, and Campbell pops up a couple of times here, with some good information on how he worked and a bit about his influence, which was very helpful.

It's Been A Good Life, Isaac Asimov & Janet Jeppson Asimov: Asimov wrote a number of biographies: this is one of the shorter ones. It's a good thumbnail of his life, very readable and well-rehersed. There's a good section on Asimov's first meetings with Campbell.

Robert A. Heinlein: Learning Curve 1907-1948, William H. Patterson, Jr.: This is an exhaustive volume on part of Heinlein's life, one where Campbell pops up quite a bit. I didn't use this source as much, but there were some very good parts that talked about Heinlein and Campbell's dealing.

Collected Editorials from Analog, John Campbell Jr. and Harry Harrison: This is a free download from Archive.org, and it's an interesting read. Harrison has some good biographical elements in his introduction, but there's also an invaluable thing here: Campbell's own words. I tell you, primary sources are the best.

Upcoming Books & Reviews

Last year was a decent one for books, but this year is already shaping up to be a pretty good one. So far, I've attacked the ever growing book pile with a bit more organization than I have in the past, and as a result, I've got a hefty stack of books that I'm planning on reading over the next couple of months, for reviewing and for pleasure. Here's what I've got coming up:

The Office of Mercy, Ariel Djanikian - This review's been turned in, and it'll be up at some point. Think Hunger Games with a bit more of a philosophical twist. The book's an interesting read, one with quite a bit to think about, and an intriguing plot and world.

The Burn Zone, James K. Decker - James and I had the fortune to be on a podcast together, and he graciously offered to send me a copy - I'm very sad that I overlooked it when I wrote up my February book list for Geek Exchange. I'm reading it now, and it's pretty awesome so far.

The Mad Scientist's Guide to World Domination, edited by John Joseph Adams - This is a new JJA themed anthology, and there's a solid reputation behind it for really high quality stories there. I'm a couple of stories in already, and it's a really funny, excellent read a couple of stories in.

Debris Dreams, David Colby - This is a book published by VT Speculative Fiction publisher Candlemark and Gleam, and it looks like a fun read, one that I'm planning on reviewing for Geek Mountain State. It came out last fall, and it's slowly crept up my to-read list.

Bowl of Heaven, Gregory Benford & Larry Niven - I've seen this book get some pretty terrible reviews, which is unfortunate, because it looks like it's got all the markings of a really epic read, from two major Space Opera authors. I've been looking forward to reading this one since it came out.

You, Austin Grossman - Grossman's long overdue for a second novel (his first was Soon I Will Be Invincible, which I need to re-read), and this one is just as good, if not better. This one follows the video game industry, and it's got a nicely complicated, multilayered plot that spans decades, platforms and space & time.

NOS4A2, Joe Hill - A friend of mine snagged me an advance copy of this book, and I'm eagerly waiting to read it. Hill's prior novel, Horns, is one of my absolute favorites, although I've yet to get to Heart Shaped Box. This one sounds wonderfully demented.

Love Minus Eighty, Will McIntosh - It's going to be a couple of months before I get to this book, because it's officially out in June from Orbit Books. I've been a huge fan of McIntosh's last two books: Soft Apocalypse is one of the best books to have been released in the last decade, and Hitchers wasn't bad either.

Abbadon's Gate, James S.A. Corey - I don't have a copy of this in hand, but it's easily the most anticipated novel that I've got on my forecast so far this year. Leviathan's Wake and Caliban's War were two awesome reads, and I can't wait to see how they finish out this 1st trilogy.

Others to Read:

There's a couple of other books that I'm taking my time with and enjoying on my own pace:

Gone Girl, Gillian Flynn - This has been the hot item of 2012, and I picked it up at Christmas thanks to a couple of gift cards. It's a really dark, interesting read so far (I'm probably 1/3 of the way through). I can see why there's a lot of hype for it.

Northwest Smith, C.L. Moore - I recently joined Singularity & Co, a small company dedicated to saving old science fiction novels and re-releasing them as eBooks. It's a fantastic idea, and a great company to get behind, with a neat store down in Brooklyn. I wrote about C.L. Moore recently, and really found her stories entertaining.

Lay Saints, Adam Connell - I'm going to eat my words on self-published fiction with Lay Saints, a book that Connell couldn't find a publisher for. A couple of people who's opinion I hold in good regard recommended the book, and I've been picking away at it.

The Girl Who Would Be King, Kelly Thompson - I'll go back for a second helping, because Thompson's book is another self-published effort that I came across last fall, and it looked like it had an intriguing plot and characters.

Among Others, Jo Walton - This book won the Hugo last year, and I can see why: it's got a lot of references to a lot of books from SF's history. I got this when I became a supporting member of ChiCon last year, and I've been reading away at it ever since, a chapter or two at a time. It's a fantastic read.

The Universal Mirror, Gwen Perkins - Gwen was a classmate of mine at Norwich, and this book has languished on my shelf for too long. Sometime this year!

Undoubtedly, there's a couple of other books that I've got that I'd like to read that I'm forgetting, as well as some that I'll pick up that are unexpected. The pile grows ever greater, and one of the big goals that I've got is to get through some of the classics, especially those that come as I research more and more of SF/F's history. There's a lot of good material there, and with the exception of those short times after I finish a book, I'm never wanting for something to read, which is nice.

The Many Names of Catherine Lucille Moore

Women are vastly underrepresented in science fiction circles, especially back in the pulp days. While many point to Mary Shelley, her role is a real influence, but still removed from the modern science fiction market. As we move further up in time, the pulp era saw the first professional female authors who would continually shake up the genre. Catherine Lucille Moore was one of the earlier authors to have been writing, with her first stories published in the early 1930s.

Researching C.L. Moore was an a frustrating, but rewarding endeavor. Up until now, I've put together a fairly good go-to list of books for background information on my subjects, which generally requires some additional research by combing through author or book specific texts. In this instance, C.L. Moore is largely ignored by most SF History scholars. When mentioned, it's often in the context of being married to her husband, Henry Kuttner, who's generally considered a lesser author. There is no formal biography, and the information that I found for this piece was spread out among a number of sources - a bit of information here, a bit there, and so forth.

More research was - and is - needed. Contacting Indiana University's archives, I found the existence of three previously unknown stories, and other online searches found a considerable amount of anecdotal information on Moore and her works.

Read up on The Many Names of Catherine Lucille Moore over on Kirkus Reviews.

Here's the sources that I used:

The Bulletin, Fall 2012, SFWA: This feature in the SFWA bulletin has some good background information on Moore's career, in a discussion between Mike Resnick and Barry N. Malzberg, two admirers of Moore's.

Moore, C L, SF Encyclopedia: This entry on Moore has a good look at her publication history and a good discussion about her work with her husband, Henry Kuttner (His entry provided some good background information on him).

Doomsday Morning, C.L. Moore: While writing this piece, I happened upon a used copy of this book, which provided a nice author biography, which brought out a couple of neat details: that she liked writing with a view.

Seekers of Tomorrow: Masters of Modern Science Fiction, Sam Moskowitz: Moskowitz's history is one that I continue to take with a grain of salt, due to anecdotal evidence that he never disclosed his sources, and a lot seems to be based on second-hand stories. Nonetheless, he devotes an entire chapter to Moore and her life, providing some biographical notes in context with her work.

Catherine Lucille Moore & Henry Kuttner: A Marriage of Souls and Talent: A Working bibliography: When I got this from interlibrary loan, I thought that this volume would have more of a biographical component, but all that it contains is a fairly comprehensive listing of Moore and Kuttner's works. It did, however, yield some good information about the publication dates of some stories, as well as a listing for her Gandalf Award, which I didn't know about (none of the other sources that I came across had this information).

Indiana University: I'm particularly indebted to Assistant Archivist Carrie Schwier and intern Cynthia Lynn, at Indiana University's archives, who was able to help me locate some early stories that Moore published, as well as some other archival information.

Many thanks are owed to Mike Resnick, who provided some great memories of Moore, and some good background information on her life.

Edgar Rice Burroughs and the Moons of Mars

For my last Kirkus Column, I talked about E.E. 'Doc' Smith and his stories that kickstarted Space Opera. This week, we're going back a little further and looking at pulp author Edgar Rice Burroughs, and the characters for which he's known: John Carter and Tarzan.

I had a passing familiarity with Tarzan as a kid, but I wasn't really introduced to John Carter until last year, when the movie was released. I thought it was decent, a bit long, and a bit directionless, but that seems to be the case with Burroughs and his stories. But, it's not the only story to be found from Burroughs that's been adapted, and while researching, I got to do delve into some of his books a bit more, and found them to be perfectly entertaining, even if I found him to be a bit of a racist git.

Go read Edgar Rice Burroughs and the Moons of Mars over on Kirkus Reviews.

Here's the sources that were used:

Billion Year Spree, Brian Aldiss: Aldiss spends a considerable amount of time (an entire chapter), talking about Burroughs' stories and his influence after the fact. It's an interesting and critical look at ERB's writings and legacy. A Princess of Mars, Edgar Rice Burroughs: Junot Diaz introduces this volume, and like all other Library of America editions, this one comes with a very good biography at the end, as well as a detailed timeline of the John Carter stories. It's a little complicated, because the timeline ONLY covers the John Carter stories, which requires a little puzzle-work when coming up with a fuller chronology. Tarzan of the Apes, Edgar Rice Burroughs: Thomas Mallon introduces this one, and like the John Carter edition, this comes with a biography and chronology that was extremely helpful. Edgar Rice Burroughs: The Man Who Created Tarzan: Irwin Porges: This tome is much like Burroughs himself: it's overly long and winded, but it's a near-exhaustive biography of Burroughs and his life, recounting extreme details into the man's life. It's not entirely critical, but it's probably one of the best resrouces out there. A People's Guide to Los Angeles, Laura Pulido; Laura Barraclough; Wendy Cheng: I try and avoid Wikipedia for hard facts, and I only use it to get a thumbnail sketch of a person during my initial stages. However, it does have its uses, and the entry on Tarzana linked me to this book when I started seeing things about ERB and his fairly racist views towards anyone not white. None of the other sources seemed to contain this information, which I thought was strage, but important. The History of Science Fiction, Adam Roberts: Roberts' history is a trusty stand-by, and provided a good overview of ERB's work.

The Kassa Gambit

The Kassa Gambit As the new year rolls around, I've been keeping my eyes out for the new crop of books that are set to be released. Already, there's a handful that have caught my eye, including M.C. Planck's debut novel The Kassa Gambit. Set in deep space, with inter-colony intrigue, a smuggling ship and a neat cover, it has all the hallmarks of a book that looks to be a fun read, and for the first two-thirds, it really is. The final third, however, demonstrates just how quickly a book can go from a fun and entertaining affair to one that fills me with the desire to throw the book across the room. It's a shame, because this book looks as through it might have been good, rather than blatantly offensive.

Set in deep space following the ecological collapse of Earth, humanity has taken to the stars by way of nodes, transportation points that allow ships to travel the vast distances of space, and settle on a variety of colonial worlds. The crew of a smuggling ship, led by Prudence Falling, come across Kassa on a routine run, only to find that the planet's population has been utterly devastated by an unknown attacker. Close behind her is Kyle Daspar, a political officer and double agent infiltrating the League, a political movement intent on dominating the planet Altair Prime. The two characters fall into one another's company, and uncover something that is poised to upend the order that's been established in space.

The overarching political elements to this story, the characters and overall universe start out great, and I was reminded a number of times of a favored novel, The Icarus Hunt, by Timothy Zahn more than once. Planck has set up a neat universe, with some good logic behind the people and mechanics of how things run. As the characters move forward, we see that not all is what it seems, and that their groundbreaking discovery has very different implications than they previously thought: it's part of a political movement that's designed to allow the League to gain an incredible amount of political power. Here, it's a neat take on what's generally a blunt instrument in science fiction, and there's a nice blend of space opera and political commentary here.

However, around the 60% mark, the book loses steam - a lot of it. The characters break down considerably, and the political conflict that felt very nuanced, devolves into a bunch of caricatured villains and half-hearted action that moves along only by momentum. The characters just... drift and bicker to no end. Worse, however, is how Planck completely upends the two characters, absolutely ruining everything that came before it. In the final act, Prudence is threatened by a violent rape that leaves her utterly traumatized  The scene is so poorly thought out and out of place that it feels as though it doesn't belong.

I don't want to diminish the real horrors of sexual assault, and the presence of the actions aren't what bothered me: it was that the scenes felt as though they were simply dropped in as a tool from a menu: threaten main female character with violation, and have the male character that she's previously hated/disliked/attracted to inconsistently throughout the book sweep in to save the day and protect her dignity. The scene is so utterly by the numbers - a smelly, disgusting enemy guard advancing on the stripped naked (Yep) characters, before letting his guard down and being taken down.

There has been a lot of talk about this sort of thing in the geek lit community, from Seanan McGuire and Jim C. Hines in the literature realm to quite a bit in the video game industry. McGuire had a point recently that bothered me: a reader asked her when a main character of hers would be raped. Not if - when. The action seems to have become a tool through which a female protagonist can be almost casually brutalized and I was very bothered to see it present in this book. McGuire had this to say about it: Because it is a foregone conclusion, you see, that all women must be raped, especially when they have the gall to run around being protagonists all the damn time.  This sort of thing troubles me greatly, and while I don't know what the author's intentions are with the scene, whether or not it's simply an escalation, but the male characters in the book are never threatened with similar trauma.

Beyond that, the action becomes a point where Falling moves from being a strong, confident character in charge of a space ship, to someone who realizes that all she really needs in life is a strong man to protect her from the bad things in the world, which runs completely contrary to everything that ran up before that. It was enough to make me slam the book shut when I finished, never to open it again. I don't know what the intentions of the scene were, or if there was some noble intention behind it, but whatever the reason, it sent the book off the rails to such a degree that there is no return. It's a shame, because the book had quite a bit of promise.

So, The Kassa Gambit turns from a rather fun read to one that's downright offensive to read by the time you reach the end, and ultimately, while it contains a number of interesting kernels, they're never followed up on or capitalized in any major way. It's a shame, because the book was a promising one.

Mrs. Allen

Image There are always those people who influence you early in your life. Sometimes they're teachers, civic leaders or friends. In my case, it was a librarian named Sylvia Allen, who had been the Librarian for Harwood Union High School's Harry Brusa Library for a quarter century. I arrived at the combined middle and high school in 1998 at the age of 13, and I was a quiet, geeky and completely unprepared student. Just a year before, I'd been introduced to the Star Wars films in theaters, and was an obsessive reader of Hardy Boys mysteries and Star Wars novelizations.

My experience as a geek in school wasn't really all that bad. I didn't really understand how to interact with a lot of people, and had some issues there, but there was none of the beatings, not much of the bullying, and I was never stuffed into a locker like television would have you believe. But, I was scared for part of the time, simply because I never quite fit in. I sought refuge in the school's library, where Mrs. Allen quickly became a friend. Her library was well organized, and stocked with an impressive range of science fiction / fantasy novels, nonfiction tomes and magazines that I worked my way through. She encouraged me to explore beyond my reading comfort level, and because of her recommendations, I picked up novels such as Dune, Foundation, and many, many others that spring boarded my interest in science fiction, fantasy and writing.

At some point in High School, I simply stopped going to study hall, stopping by the room was a mere formality on my way to the library. I found the internet there, where I set up my first website and found discussion forums and other like-minded people on the internet. (Hello, TFN's Jedi Council Forums) and quite a bit more. Midway through, she (along with Mrs. Lehner, the assistant librarian) took me on as a library intern, where I learned how to use the library's software to check in and out books, how to cover, repair and tag a book for circulation, She also served as a vital go-between for be between a fairly new website, Amazon.com and my weekly allowance. For years, she helped me keep up to date with the onslaught of Star Wars novels that came out, and cheerfully kept up with my repeated question: "Is it in yet?". She provided me with much guidance during that time when it was most crucial.

At the beginning of my high school career, Mrs. Allen vanished for half a year. I later learned that she had an aggressive form of breast cancer, which was closely followed by a remission. She recovered, and was back in her office full time within a year. Looking back, it's an amazingly short amount of time. I don't remember any change in her attitude towards the students or her role in the library. In 2003, I graduated. She had sponsored me for a scholarship, which helped with books for college, and she came to the graduation party that my parents threw that day, where she fit right in with the rest of my family.

We sort of lost touch over next couple of years - I would exchange an e-mail or two, and dropped by the library early on while I was in college to say hello. In 2005, she finally retired after 25 years of service to the school, and set about writing a book, something that she always wanted to do. She worked on researching the Vermont Transit Company's history in 2008, and in 2011, she finally published it. It's a short, well written history on a small piece of Vermont history: The People Will Be Served: A History of the Vermont Transit Bus Company. By that point, she had reached Facebook, and we talked every now and then.

At some point, the news came that cancer had returned - this time, an aggressive form of lung cancer. She told me that there wasn't anything to be done: just repeated chemo treatments to hold it back. It was sad news, but she was upbeat about it, and her enthusiasm never flagged. Last year, on a whim, I sent her a note that I'd be trooping at the Brownell Library in Essex Junction, not far from where she lived, asking if she'd be interested in coming out. She came out, and I was a bit shocked at how much her illness had impacted her. She smiled, and made a joke about how I wouldn't be able to recognize her. She was a bit slower, shakier on her feet, but we talked for a little while. I introduced Megan, and she apologized for not making it out for our wedding. She had sent us a nice clock, which graces out living room. We talked about books, and she noted that chemo had 'fried her brain', making it difficult to remember what she read. I felt bad, but she told me that it wasn't a bad problem to have: she was able to re-read a number of books as though it were the first time.

She slipped out of the event early as more people came around: her condition left her immune system weaker, and she avoided large crowds. We stayed in touch afterwards with updates on how we were doing, and life went on.

In December, I received a Christmas card from her, and as I read it, my stomach dropped. She told me that her cancer treatment had come to and end, and that there were no further options. I realized at this moment that time was limited, and sent off a letter to her, hoping that I'd be able to see her in the new year.

Last Thursday, Mrs. Allen passed away, and I feel like I have a hole in my heart knowing that she isn't out and about somewhere. Of all the non-family people in my life, her guidance was most important to me, and I know that it was the same for a lot of other people around me. I'm sad, because she was fantastic: humorous, strong, and someone who loved books. Most importantly, she taught me how to love books, and the stories that they hold, lessons that I'll keep with me for a very long time. Cancer really sucks, but it was something that she took in stride and didn't let it rule her life.

Today would have been her birthday, and I while I'm sad that I can't wish it to her this year, I'm happy that I've been able to do so in the past. I miss her dearly.

The Amazing Stories of E.E. Doc Smith

I got into science fiction through my love of Star Wars. The geeky primer had already been charged with earlier stories, but George Lucas's films pushed my geeky little mind into overdrive.

Space Opera is said to have begun with a fellow known as E.E. 'Doc' Smith.  Last time we talked about science fiction, we left with Hugo Gernsback and his contributions to the genre, and between his work and the beginnings of John W. Campbell's Golden Age, Smith's a major figure to look at. He's a fascinating character, and his contributions to the genre deserve quite a bit more notice.

In a lot of ways, Smith invented the intergalactic space opera, from which so many well known books, television shows and films owe their existence. Read up on The Amazing Stories of E.E. Doc Smith over on Kirkus Reviews.

Here's the sources that I used:

Billion Year Spree: The True History of Science Fiction, Brian W. Aldiss: Aldiss's reliable book has some excellent commentary on Smith's place in fandom and the legacy of his novels, as well as some background information on the book's creation. There's nothing extensive: what we have here is a small nugget of information, but it's a valuble piece of information. Encyclopedia of Science Fiction, John Clute: This has become a favorite source of mine - There's a great entry on Smith's works and their importance. Most importantly, it pointed me to some other sources, and provided some good dates. The Dreams Our Stuff Is Made Of: How Science Fiction Conquered the World, Thomas Disch: Small mention of Smith here, but there's some background information. Alternate Worlds: The Illustrated History of Science Fiction, James Gunn: Gunn's' book has a great couple of pages on Smith's life and works, providing some contextual information in addition to covers. Seekers of Tomorrow, Sam Moskowitz: Probably one of the most valuable sources, Moskowitz's text is one that needs to be taken with some salt: it's not a hugely reliable source in most circles, and reportedly, Moskowitz didn't divulge his sources. However, it provides a look at Smith's early life, filling in the gap between his birth and the time he began to write. Robert A. Heinlein: In Dialogue with his Century, Volume 1: Learning Curve: 1907-1948, William Patterson Jr.: Heinlein was a friend of Smith's, and he popped up several times in its pages. The History of Science Fiction, Adam Roberts: Roberts provides a good overview of Smith's works, and their placement within the pulp era. Survey of Science Fiction Literature, volumes 3 & 5, Frank Magill: These two volumes of literary criticism looks at the Lensman and Skylark stories that Smith authored in great detail, providing an excellent literary overview and some biographical information.

2012 Award Eligibility

It's the end of 2012, and it's been a fun year when it comes to writing things. I've got a couple of projects that are eligible for the Hugo Awards this year: Best Related Work:

Awarded to a work related to the field of science fiction, fantasy, or fandom, appearing for the first time during the previous calendar year or which has been substantially modified during the previous calendar year. The type of works eligible include, but are not limited to, collections of art, works of literary criticism, books about the making of a film or TV series, biographies and so on, provided that they do not qualify for another category.

A Brief History of Speculative Fiction: In 2012, I've looked at some of the founding figures of science fiction. 2013 is going to be a fun year: I've only scratched the surface. Here's the posts that I've published:

Best Fan Writer:

This is another person category. Note that it does not just apply to writing done in fanzines. Work published in semiprozines, and even on mailing lists, blogs, BBSs, and similar electronic fora, can be including when judging people for this Award. Only work in professional publications should not be considered.

My work for Kirkus doesn't apply for this one, but my various interviews, reviews and commentary written in 2012 for SF Signal and Lightspeed Magazine do qualify. I don't know that my work here will reach the nomination stage, but I am rather happy with the work that I've done for the various websites out there. SF Signal is eligible again as Best Fanzine, which it won for it's writing in 2011, as well as it's podcast (which was nominated in 2011). Lightspeed Magazine is eligible for Best Semiprozine (nominated twice). It goes without saying that a large number of Lightspeed's stories first published in 2012 are eligible, and editor John Joseph Adams is eligible for Best Editor, Short Form. I'd recommend all of the above for the awards in which they're eligible.

T.H. White's Once and Future King

This past fall, I've been on a bit of King Arthur kick. I discovered that one of my favorite authors, John Steinbeck, had written a version of Arthurian legend, the Acts of King Arthur and his Noble Knights, which I've been savoring, and on Labor Day, while rummaging through a library's book sale, I found an old copy of T.H. White's The Once and Future King. Interestingly, my wife and I adopted a small kitten just hours later, whom we named Merlin, completely by coincidence. I'd long ago owned a copy of The Sword in the Stone (and as a child, loved the movie), but have long since parted with it. The book has appeared on my radar more frequently due to Lev Grossman's repeated efforts to raise its profile a bit.

However, for such a momentous novel, the author is a relative mystery. Grossman has pointed out that there's little on him: a single biography, and a couple of other random books, and prior to looking around, he seemed to be a mysterious figure who's been outdone by the successes of his novel.

Go read T.H. White's Once and Future King over on Kirkus Reviews.

Here are the sources that I used for the post:

T.H. White: A Biography, Sylvia Townsend Warner: This biography is really the only one readily available on T.H. White. Published in the 1960s, it's a fairly comprehensive overview of his life, although there are points where I wonder about her analysis: she seems to fixate and speculate on his sexuality, while not entirely giving enough credit to how he ticked mentally. She does do an excellent job in tying together papers and letters to put together a fairly in depth and detailed look at the man's life. The Book of Merlyn, T.H. White: Sylvia Townsend Warner pops up again in this edition of White's saga, which has never been published with The Once and Future King (That book is composed of four novels), and she provides a rough biographical sketch of White's years writing the novels. Survey of Modern Fantasy Literature, Vol. 3, by Frank Magill: This series provides an excellent critical review of The Once and Future King. This one focuses quite a bit on the Sword in the Stone, but it goes a good service to the other novels in the book. Fantasy: The Liberation of Imagination, by Richard Matthews: This book provides a good overview of White's career and some analysis of his book.

Jagannath, Karin Tidbeck

A journalist recounts an encounter with an alien entity that appears throughout human history, a woman creates a creature from her own blood and spit in a can, and a man falls in love with an airship. These are just a couple of the tales to be found in Swedish author Karin Tidbeck's collection of short fiction, Jagannath. The collection has received considerable critical acclaim in the past couple of months, from Tor.com to NPR, and it's easy to see that the attention is well deserved: it's a brilliant book, full of stories that linger long after the words have been read, and the book replaced on the bookshelf.

Jagannath is by far one of the best books that I've picked up this year, a collection of short stories that left me utterly breathless and at the edge of my seat while reading it. More than once, I found myself at the end of a story, only to turn back and begin rereading it immediately. Each story in this short book is a gem, wonderfully crafted and constructed, each leaving me with a shiver of dread and thrill.

What impressed me the most is how utterly normal and natural a vast majority of the stories felt while reading them: normal people encountering something that's just slightly off from what is typically natural. A woman comes out of the woods and marries into a family - supernatural elements may or may not be at play, while a suicidal friend in Rebecka may or may not be insane, or tormented by divine intervention. Other stories are more fantastic, but still utterly grounded, such as the strange call center in Who is Arvid Pekon?, the timeless fairy world in Augusta Prima or the historical encounters with some sort of creature in Pyret. Still others are way out there, such as in Aunts or the title story, Jagannath. In a lot of ways, she does Lovecraft better than Lovecraft ever did himself.

Location figures into this: I've come across several articles and interviews where Tidbeck highlights her home in Sweden, with its long winters as an inspiration for some of the strange occurrences that she's written about. Coming from New England, with its dark geography and short summers, I can certainly relate to the dark atmosphere that has been injected into these stories.

Tidbeck's stories are uniformly haunting, surreal and sublime, and the collection as a whole is a wonder to behold. There's little surprise to see that the book is recommended by such authors as Ursula K. LeGuin and China Miéville, and Jagannath easily falls into the Weird subgenre, as easily as it can be classified into any genre. The stories are a bit odd, and should place Tidbeck on every reader's must-read list from here on out. I for one, can't wait to see what she has coming up next.

There and Back Again - The Hobbit

The Hobbit In the middle of November, I talked about Tolkien's WWI experiences and their impact into their writing. With the live action adaptation of The Hobbit released into theaters soon, it makes sense to look at how The Hobbit was written in the first place. It's an interesting story, with a bunch of twists and turns. Go read  There and Back Again: A Hobbit's Tale over on Kirkus Reviews.

Here are the sources that I used and would recommend:

The Annotated Hobbit, J.R.R. Tolkien and Douglas A. Anderson: This edition of The Hobbit has received the annotated treatment. I was a big fan of the Annotated Dracula, and this edition has some good insights into the creation of the book.

The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide: Chronology, by Christina Scull and Wayne G. Hammond: This massive volume was an invaluable resource in determining where Tolkien went during his time in combat. It’s detailed down to the day in most cases, with an overwhelming amount of information.

The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide: Reader’s Guide, by Christina Scull and Wayne G. Hammond: This second companion book was also great for background information on Tolkien’s friends and some of his influences.

J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography, by Humphrey Carpenter: This book was one that I came across years ago, and it still remains one of the definitive biographies of the author, with a comprehensive and readable detailing of his life and works.

J.R.R. Tolkien: Author of the Century, by Tom Shippey: This book provided some good background information on Tolkien and his influences in the War.

DIY Dinner

I was struck with a thought a couple of years ago at the grocery store: this stuff is expensive. I was looking at frozen pizza, an emergency staple that got shoved to the back of the freezer and was used too often. My second thought was: I can make this myself, and I would bet that it won't taste like cardboard.

Since then, I've worked on making my own pizza: it's simple enough, and takes only a little longer to make. 3 cups of flour, some yeast, salt and a cup of hot water, and I've got dough that makes a pizza easily twice the size. I'll grate my own cheese (a mix of Hunter Sharp cheddar, mozzaralla and some oregano) and recently, mix up my own sauce, and together, it's something that's quite good. More than that, it's somewhat more rewarding to put on the table for dinner. I'll still get a frozen pizza or order out every now and again for when I'm either really busy or just plain tired of cooking, but that's become a rarer occurrance.

Back in college, I made my own bread: a superb loaf that was ridiculously simple to make. Since then, I've been finding that the foods that I regularly consume that comes in a package are something that are not only easier to replicate than I previously thought, but generally taste quite a bit better, but give me quite a bit more flexibility on just how I want it to taste. I've taken to experimenting with my food a bit more than I used to, coming up with some interesting things.

A recent notable example is chicken nuggets. I've had mixed experiences with buying a bag of them: some come out fine, but they have a tendency to burn under the right conditions, and a couple of times, they've made me ill. Looking around online, I've found that it's reasonablely simple to make them: strips of chicken with a coating of egg, flour and spices. The result was quite good, even if their manufacture was a bit hair-raising (I hadn't fried anything in oil before). Where I'm stuck with what I've got with a bag of them, putting together every ingredient allows me do to more than simply throw them into a heating mechanism.

I'm enjoying this DIY approach to cooking, for a couple of reasons. The first is that it's simply cheaper to purchase the raw ingredients and assemble them accordingly. A frozen pizza costs anywhere from 4-8 dollars. From scratch, it's considerably less: Three cups out of a 50 pound bag of flour is about 3%, or 30 cents for what I paid for it. Sauce (from a jar) is about $4, and cheeses are around $8. That comes out to $12.30? Half that, because what I make is about twice the size, and we're down to $6.15. But, The sauce and cheese can be made into at least 3 pizzas. $2.05 for a dinner is something that I'm more than happy with. To order out costs at least ten times that amount, and I generally get a better deal.

The other major reason is the ingredients label. Here's what I pulled offline for a Red Baron 4 Cheese Pizza (admittedly, this is a decent brand):

ENRICHED FLOUR (WHEAT FLOUR, MALTED BARLEY FLOUR, NIACIN, REDUCED IRON, THIAMINE MONONITRATE, RIBOFLAVIN, FOLIC ACID), TOMATOES (WATER, TOMATO PASTE), LOW MOISTURE PART SKIM MOZZARELLA CHEESE (CULTURED PASTEURIZED PART SKIM MILK, SALT, ENZYMES), WATER, CHEDDAR CHEESE (PASTEURIZED MILK, CHEESE CULTURES, ENZYMES, SALT, ANNATTO [COLOR]), VEGETABLE SHORTENING (PALM OIL, SOY LECITHIN, BUTTER FLAVOR), SMOKE-FLAVORED PROVOLONE CHEESE (PASTEURIZED MILK, CHEESE CULTURES, SALT, ENZYMES AND SMOKE FLAVORING), CONTAINS 2 PERCENT OR LESS OF: YEAST, SUGAR, SOYBEAN OIL, PARMESAN CHEESE (PASTEURIZED CULTURED PART-SKIM MILK, SALT, ENZYMES), MODIFIED FOOD STARCH, SALT, SPICE, MALTODEXTRIN, HYDROLYZED SOY AND CORN PROTEIN, ISOLATED CARROT PRODUCT, PAPRIKA, GARLIC POWDER, DOUGH CONDITIONER (WHEAT STARCH, L-CYSTEINE HYDROCHLORIDE, AMMONIUM SULFATE), ASCORBIC ACID.

There's a lot there that I don't recognize, and that seems to be the case with most of the products that I'll pick up off the self. Admittedly, I don't know much about some of the components, but if I go the distance to making my own sauce and crust, I know exactly what's going into what I'm making. Some things, like Cheese, is outside of my control, but I tend to go with local companies with a good reputation for quality.

This extends to meals beyond pizza. Chicken Tika Masala is a dish that I've made from largely from scratch, as well as bread, salsa, hot chocolate, various types of chicken, hamburgers, and a couple of others. While there are things that I largely won't be able to make on my own - due to constraints from not owning livestock or poultry, what I can control is most of what goes into the meal.

Breaking one's food down to it's rough component parts has been a rewarding experience thus far. The food tastes better (although there's the points where I screw it up - which does happen), it's largely cheaper, and it's something that I've made myself. A year or two ago, it never would have occurred to me to try and figure out just how to go about making something like Chicken nuggets. I suspect that there's a certain DIY mindset that's bled over from my work in the 501st Legion, playing with Legos as a kid and other things like that, and it's something that I think should be ingrained more firmly with the public at large. We place an enormous amount of trust in persons unseen, and while I certainly don't believe in conspiracy theories (that requires a guided intention), I think that it's far easier to simply not expend extra effort when it's seemingly redundant.

So, while you browse your local supermarket next, think about what you're buying.

J.R.R. Tolkien and the Great War

Sometimes, stories find you when you least expect them. I began this column thinking that I would find Tolkien's experiences in war as an almost superficial influence on his later stories, only to find the complete opposite. Tolkien went to war and underwent pure horror. He witnessed a terrible war from the front lines, and found most of his friends dead when he left. It's little wonder that he felt that his creative spirit was dampened by it.

That aside, I found the story of Tolkien and his three close friends to be the most emotional and heartbreaking episode of his life, and I can't help but wonder how much it will change how I read certain parts of the Lord of the Rings or The Hobbit.

Interestingly, this piece comes shortly after Veteran's Day (Armistice Day elsewhere), commemorating the end of WWI. I hadn't realized that this piece would come out at the same time.

Read J.R.R. Tolkien and the Great War over on Kirkus Reviews. We're not done with Tolkien yet, so stay tuned through December!

Here are the sources that I used and would recommend:

The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide: Chronology, by Christina Scull and Wayne G. Hammond: This massive volume was an invaluable resource in determining where Tolkien went during his time in combat. It's detailed down to the day in most cases, with an overwhelming amount of information.

The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide: Reader's Guide, by Christina Scull and Wayne G. Hammond: This second companion book was also great for background information on Tolkien's friends and some of his influences.

J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography, by Humphrey Carpenter: This book was one that I came across years ago, and it still remains one of the definitive biographies of the author, with a comprehensive and readable detailing of his life and works.

Tolkien and the Great War: The Threshold of Middle Earth, by John Garth: This volume is dense, but an invaluable resource on how World War I impacted Tolkien's life and later works.

J.R.R. Tolkien: Author of the Century, by Tom Shippey: This book provided some good background information on Tolkien and his influences in the War.

And Another Thing

Over on SF Signal, I've organized and launched a new column that will focus on the science fiction community as a whole. Yesterday, I started off with my take on the LucasFilm/Disney news, and today, Charles Tan has a great post on eBooks.  SF Signal recently won a Hugo Award for Best Fanzine, a major accomplishment. While there's quite a bit of news, book reviews and other similar features, there's really no great outlet to think about and comment on the goings-on that happen within Fandom. Generally, the Podcast takes several weeks to set up, record, produce and release, often after much of the talk has run its course. (This isn't to say that the site's podcast is bad at this.) ...And Another Thing will be tapping into the group of SF Signal Irregulars, all of whom are able to talk with authority on SF fandom and just about everything that it does. It should be an interesting read as time goes on!